ballard



- 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. BALLARD.

(No Mo el.

Patented Sept. 27,1887.

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I I t 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J. BALLARD.

Patented Sept. 27, 188 7.

a z w W a n6 W/ E M. \m mMY w m M a W m UNITED STATES PATENT Orrrcn.

JAMES BALLARD, OF VAUSAU, ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS TO FRANK FELLOWS ANDTHEODORE BEST, BOTH OF MOSINEE, VVISOONSIN.

SPECIFICATION forming part; 0: Letters Patent No. 370,596,dated-September 27, 1887,.

Application filed August 10, 1886. Serial No. 210,523. (No model.)

To all whom it may concerm Be it known that .I, JAMES BAL/LARD, of\Vausau, inthe county of Marathon, and in the State of Wisconsin, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Axes; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof.

My invention relates to axes, and has for its object to detachably unitethe bit or bits and poll of such-implements, so that in case said bit orbits be worn out or broken new ones can be readily substituted. Thisobject I attain by the construct-ion substantially as shown in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents my invention in theform of a single-bitted aX. Fig. 2 shows the parts detached. Fig. 3 isahorizontal section on line mm, Fig. 1; and Fig. l, my invention in theform of a double-bitted ax.

Referring by letter to the drawings, A represents the poll of an ax, andB the bit or bits thereof. The former part is centrally recessed, asshown at a, and thus provided with top and bottom flanges, b, saidrecess and flanges each having a groove, 0. The solid part of the pollbetween its eye 0 and the recessed end thereof is centrally providedwith acountersunk and screw-th readed perforation, e, and a transverseslot, d. Operative in the perforation e is a screw-bolt, D, thehead ofwhich registers with the slotd, and is provided with a series ofrecesses, f, to engage a suit able pin, by means of which said bolt isintended to be operated.

The bit B is cut away at g to correspond with the flanges b of the polland at the same time leave a central projection, h, the latter and saidcut-away portion being provided with a tongue, '5, designed to engagethe groove 0 on the poll A, and thus secure a clean joint between thetwo parts in their united position. The bit 13 is provided with acentral screwthreaded recess, 7c, that engages the screw-bolt D, and byoperating thelattersaid bit is drawn snug against the poll, therebyfirmly uniting the parts and forming a complete ax-head.

The above description applies more particularly to a single-bitted ax,as shown by Figs. 1, 2, and 3; but, if desired, I may make both ends ofthe poll alike and secure a bit to each,

away at g to leave the central projection, h,

and provided with the tongue 1', this construction may be reversed, iffound more desirable.

I am aware that heretofore axes have been made having the bit or bitsthereof detachably united to the poll, and such therefore I do notclaim, broadly; but I am not awarethat heretofore the bit and poll of anax. have been provided with longitudinally-central screw-threadedopenings registering with each other and united byascrew-boltwhosethreads engage the continuous threads of the registering openings insaid bit and poll.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An ax having its poll recessed and grooved at one or both ends, itsbit or bits provided with a projection and tongue to engage said end orends of the poll, the adjacent ends of said poll and bit being providedwith longitudinally-central screw-threaded openings registering witheach other and united by a screw-bolt whose threads engage the continuous threads of the registering openings in said bit and poll forretaining the parts in their united position, substantially as setforth.

2. A sectional ax having one section thereof provided with acentralrecess and adjacent flanges and the other section provided with acentral projection and cut-away portions that register with the recessand flanges of the first-namedsection,one section having a tongue andthe other a groove to engage the tongue, the adjacent ends of saidsections being provided with longitudinally central screwthreadedopenings registering with each other, the said screwthreads beingcontinuous from the beginning of one opening to the end of the other,and a screw-bolt whose threads engage therewith for retaining saidsections snugly together, substantially as set forth.

3. An ax having its poll provided with a grooved central recess and topand bottom flanges, a countersunk screw-threaded perfo-o In testimonythat I claim the foregoing I ration and transverse slot, the bitprovided have hereunto set my hand, at Wausau, in the with a tonguedcentral projection and out county of Marathon and State of 'Wisconsin,awayportionsthat engagetherecess and flanges in the presence of twowitnesses. 5 of the poll, and a'screw-threaded recess whose threadsregister continuously with the threads JAMES BALLARD. in the perforationin the poll, and a screwbolt having its head provided with pin-holesWitnesses: and arranged to retain said poll and bit in GHAs. V. BARDEENx0 their united position, as set forth. LOUIS K. WRIGHT.

